◆Primary source
An original document consulted directly: a text, record, script or film print.
Avoid“The source proves that the legend is true.”
Prefer“The original document records this wording; it documents the source, not the truth of the account.”
●Documented
Corroborated by multiple reliable and independent sources.
Avoid“It is certain because it appears in an article.”
Prefer“The information is confirmed by several reliable, independent sources.”
◐Stated by the author
A statement by an author, director or production: reliable as testimony, not as proof.
Avoid“The director proved that the story was authentic.”
Prefer“In an interview, the director said that the story had inspired the film.”
◇Critical attribution
A reasoned connection proposed by scholars or critics, but not confirmed by the creators.
Avoid“The film definitely derives from that text.”
Prefer“A critical reading proposes a link to that text, without direct confirmation from the authors.”
○Unproven similarity
An apparent affinity without evidence of direct derivation.
Avoid“The motif was copied from a specific tradition.”
Prefer“The two versions share some features, but no direct derivation is documented.”
≈Disputed tradition
A belief or etymology on which sources disagree.
Avoid“This is the only possible origin of the belief.”
Prefer“The sources offer different accounts; the origin remains disputed.”
✦Promotional legend
A story circulated by publicity or the press without independent corroboration.
Avoid“This film is based on a terrifying legend that really happened.”
Prefer“The film’s publicity attributed the story to a local legend, but no accounts predating its release have been identified.”
✕Debunked claim
A widely circulated claim contradicted by the available sources.
Avoid“The rumour is presented as an established fact.”
Prefer“The available documentation contradicts this claim, which was later repeated in the press.”
…Incomplete information
Partial information, or information awaiting verification against primary sources.
Avoid“The date and place are definitive.”
Prefer“A secondary source gives the date; the primary document has not been verified.”
¶Editorial interpretation
An editorial reading, identified explicitly as interpretation.
Avoid“The scene necessarily means this.”
Prefer“The editors read the scene as an allusion to the motif, distinguishing this interpretation from production facts.”